A study on the Types of Sentences Used in “SPHERE Project” book”.

Keywords: Types of Sentences, “SPHERE Project” book Learning English cannot be separated from learning grammar or structures because it is one way how to master English and comprehending language. In almost every language we always find what is called sentences. When we read a book there must be sentence and its patterns. A sentence is a group of words that we use to express our idea in writing. It is a complete, it can stand alone and it consists of two main parts, subject and predicate. Types of sentences can be found in almost all written or printed materials, for example the “SPHERE Project” book. The SPHERE Project – or ‘SPHERE’ – was initiated in 1997 by a group of humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Their aim was to improve the quality of their actions during disaster response and to be held accountable for them. They based SPHERE’s philosophy on two core beliefs: first, that those affected by disaster or conflict have a right to life with dignity and, therefore, a right to assistance; and second that all possible steps should be taken to alleviate human suffering arising out of disaster or conflict. The problems proposed in this study were: (1) What types of sentences are used in “SPHERE Project” book? (2) In what contexts are the types of sentences used in “SPHERE Project” book? Purposes of this research were: (1) To know the types of sentences used in the “SPHERE Project” book. (2). To know in what contexts the types of sentences are used in “SPHERE Project” book. The research used descriptive research design with qualitative approach. The source of data was “SPHERE Project” book as the researcher spent her time to read and analyzed the types of sentence, the pattern, and in the context they were used. Based on the result of data analysis, the types of sentences used by native were simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, compound complex sentence. The result showed that there were 390 sentences from those various types of sentences. Every types of sentences had the classification which was different each other. The finding showed that among various types of sentences stated in the theory of Frank (1972), there were four types of sentences found in “SPHERE Project” book, they were simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, compound complex sentence. In simple sentence, there were fourteen patterns found. They are S+Vi, S+LV+SC (predicative adjective), S+be+SC (predicative adjective), S+LV+SC (predicative noun), S+be +SC (predicative noun), S+be+SC (predicative adverbial), S+Vt+DO, S+Vt+IO+DO, S+Vt+OC, S+Vt+Complement of measure, S+Vt+2DO, S+Prepositional verb+O, S+Vt+>3DO, and passive form. For compound sentence, there were three numbers of independent clause. They are two independents clauses, 3 independent clauses and more than 3 independent clauses. In “SPHERE Project” book, the researcher could not find all of them. The researcher found two independent clauses. The complex sentence has 1 dependent clause, 2 dependent clauses, 3 dependent clauses, and more than 3 dependent clauses, and the researcher could find all of number of dependent clause. The next is compound complex sentences. There were various patterns in compound complex sentence. They were 2IC+1DC, 2IC+2DC, 2IC+3DC, and many others. The researcher found some of patterns in “SPHERE Project”, they are 2IC+1DC 12 sentences, 2IC+2DC 3 sentences, and 1IC+2DC 1 sentence. Meanwhile, the contexts of the type of sentence were to express the message from the writer to the reader through the sentences. The native commonly used complex sentence to convey a message or a mean idea of a paragraph. They rarely used the simple sentence to explain the main idea of the chapter. The use of simple sentences was to deliver the controlling idea of sentences. It was only used to explain main idea, although it was rarely used in the “SPHERE Project” book